The possibilities for the new field of two-dimensional, one-atomic-layer-thick materials, including but not limited to graphene, appear almost limitless. In new research, Penn State material scientists report two discoveries that will provide a simple and effective way to “stencil” high-quality 2D materials in precise locations and overcome a barrier to their use in next-generation electronics.
In 2004, the discovery of a way to isolate a single atomic layer of carbon – graphene – opened a new world of 2D materials with properties not necessarily found in the familiar 3D world. Among these materials are a large group of elements – transition metals – that fall in the middle of the periodic table. When atoms of certain transition metals, for instance molybdenum, are layered between two layers of atoms from the chalcogenide elements, such as sulfur or selenium, the result is a three-layer sandwich called a transition metal dichalcogenide. TMDs have created tremendous interest among materials scientists because of their potential for new types of electronics, optoelectronics and computation.
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Modified Leaves: Insect Traps
Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients (not energy) from trapping and consuming animals, typically insects. Carnivorous plants have adapted to grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients, especially nitrogen, such as acidic bogs and rock outcroppings. These carnivorous plants have modified leaves that help to trap and digest prey.
The carnivorous plant in the first picture is a Venus flytrap that belongs to the genus Dionaea. The Venus flytrap has small trigger hairs on the inside of its leaf that cause the trap to close around its prey. The carnivorous plant in the middle picture is a sundew that belongs to the Drosera. Sundews have small tentacles, topped with sticky secretions, that cover the leaves. Sundews are able to move their tentacles towards the center of the leaf to bring the insect into contact with as many stalked glands as possible. The carnivorous plant in the bottom picture is a species of North American pitcher plants that are commonly called trumpet pitchers. Insects fall into the pitcher plant and cannot climb out. Meanwhile, digestive enzymes in the pitcher leaf break down the prey.
Modified Leaves Part: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Suicide Slabs | A blog dedicated to 1961 - 1969 Lincoln Continentals
Scientists attached a video camera to Humboldt squid in order to observe how they use their color-changing skin cells in the wild.
Analysis of the footage revealed that the squid repeatedly flash red in the presence of other Humboldt squid, possibly as a way of communicating — though what, scientists aren’t yet sure. When close to the surface, the squids’ chromatophores flicker, giving their skin a hue of sunlight shining through the water column — possibly as a form of camouflage.
More: Science News
Reference: Rosen et al. 2015. Chromogenic behaviors of the Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) studied in situ with an animal-borne video package
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