Fern Life Cycle
The dominate life stage of ferns is the sporophyte stage. This means that the fern structures that you see are diploid and produce spores. Fern spores are produced in sporangia which are located in small clusters on the underside of fern pinnae. These small clusters of sporangia are called sori. Once the haploid spores are released, the spores grow into an indepandent fern gametophyte called a prothallium. The antheridia on the prothallium produce flagellated sperm which can swim to the archegonia on a thin layer of moisture. At the archegonia the sperm can fertilize the egg. Once fertilized the zygote grows into a new diploid fern. Take a look at this cool picture of the fern life cycle here.
In this photo you can see the small orange sori on the underside of this fern’s pinnae.
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Source: Scienmag
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